First Lecture WIN310

WIN310 Fist Lecture

AD spending more time.

Today we will be covering IP addressing and subnetting, when we talk about tcp/ip we are talking about protocol that has been around for maybe 30 years and is the default protocol of the big network the web, we use the tcp/ip protocol this allows us to access resources and is on every platform, this is the same to where you are in the work….this is a standard. We are going to learn how tcp/ip works, we are going to learn the addressing scheme, every computer sending data throughout the network must have a unique id, it’s a unique address think you bloods DNA, if two computers have the same ip address and they are on the same network or subnet both computers will be down, think standards IEEE.

What is tcp/ip addressing?
This is a convention address of 32 bits, about 4 billion addresses, we are running out of address and are soon going to switch to IPV6. To subnet into 4 octets , each octet has a range of 8 bits in each octet coming to 32 bits. A part of the subnet will be assigned to the network address and the other to the post address, the network address is your area code, and the post address is the other number, Network and Host, 32 bits basically is infact today’s protocols that we use, but we will be moving to IPV6 very soon, IPV4 32, IPV6 128 bits its alphanumeric, its E128, the two protocols are compatible, and it is relative and very imperative, essential to have both protocols, imagine the millions of DNS servers and Host Servers, it needs to be upgraded to go to the versions, the two are compatible,

The 32 bits are divided into 5 different classes

Ip Classes: R N H
A - (N)(H)(H)(H) 1-126 126 16777216
B – (N)(N)(H)(H) 128-191 16384 65534
C – (N)(N)(N)(H) 192-223 2097152 254
D – Multi Cast Purposes 224-239
E – Is Experimental 240-255

Network Address C
Host Address A
127 is a class but is reserved for diagnostic purposes, basically a loop back.
Will not accept 224

Ask yourself why we have these class…identifies the network and its content, we said earilier that 32 bits the portion is Network the other is the Host Address,

Each number corresponds to a size, DO SUBNETTING ~MATH~

125.1.1.7

01111101.00000001.00000001.00000111

To get this the programmers have taken the highest octet and
8.8.8.8
This is what they have done to come up how many networks for the subnet they have taken the first bit of the octet and marked it with zero for class A

If we have 7 bits we have 2^7-2 = 126bits
If we have 14 bits we have 2^14 -2 =16384
If we have 21 bits we have 2^21-2 = 2097152
1111111._._._
A 0111111._._._
B 10111111._._._
C 11011111._._._

Every IP address must have the Subnet Mask is the piece that isolates the network from the host, there are three different masks

A 255.0.0.0
B 255.255.0.0
C 255.255.255.0

10.0.0.08
190.0.0.016
199.0.0.024
The bits are masked from the address ex: 8 bits are masked from the 10.0.0.0 address.

You can borrow from the hosts you will be able to subnet,

24.0.0.08
255.0.0.0
24.11111111.11111111.11111111

http://www.learntosubnet.com/